fluencyThe act of reading easily, smoothly and
automatically with a rate appropriate for the text, indicating that
students understand meaning. |
focusThe center of interest or attention; in
writing, the central idea. |
foilA character who provides a contrast to the
protagonist. |
footthe repeating unit of meter. |
foreshadowingThe technique of giving clues to coming events in a narrative. Not all foreshadowing is obvious. Frequently, future events are merely hinted at through dialogue, description, or the attitudes and reactions of the characters. Foreshadowing frequently serves two purposes. It builds suspense by raising questions that encourage the reader to go on and find out more about the event that is being foreshadowed. Foreshadowing is also a means of making a narrative more believable by partially preparing the reader for events which are to follow. |
formatThe shape, size and general makeup (as of something printed). |
functional documentsWorks of nonfiction such as "how to" books,
technical manuals and instructions. |
genreAn established class or category of artistic
composition or literature (e.g., poetry, drama or novel). |
gerundA verb form that ends in -ing and is used as a noun (e.g., reading is fun). |
glitteringA propaganda technique in which words have
different positive generalities meanings for individual subjects
but are linked to highly valued concepts. |
graphic organizerA method of organization of information which
incorporates diagrams or other pictorial devices. |
Haikua form of poetry developed in Japan; in
English we use three lines, with syllable counts of 5-7-5 or
3-5-3. |
Heroic coupletsrhymed couplets of iambic pentameter |
heteronymOne of two (or more) words that have the same
spelling, but different meaning, and sometimes different
pronunciation too. (Heteronyms that are pronounced differently are
also heterophones.) Examples:
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hexametera six-foot line. |
high-frequency wordA word that appears many more times than most
other words in spoken or written language. |
homographA word with the same spelling as another word, whether or not pronounced alike Examples:
|
homonym
A word with different origin and meaning but the same oral or
written form as one or more other words Examples:
|
homophone
A word with different origin and meaning but the same
pronunciation as another word, whether or not spelled alike Example:
|
hyperboleA figure of speech which uses a deliberate
exaggeration (e.g., I have told you a million times). |
hypernymA word that has a more general meaning than
another Examples:
|
hyponymA word that has a more specific meaning than
another Examples:
|
hypothesizeTo make an assertion about something assumed
but not positively known. |
i.e.Id est (Latin), meaning "that is." |
iamba two-syllable foot with the stress on the
second syllable. The English language is naturally iambic, and
Shakespeare used iambs for the speeches of good and noble
figures. |
iambic pentameterfive iambs to a line of ten syllables.
Sonnets, rime royal, and heroic couplets all use iambic
pentameter. |
idiomA combination of words that is not strictly in
accordance with grammatical rules and often possesses a meaning
other than its grammatical or logical one (e.g., an easy test might
be described as a piece of cake). |
imageryWords and phrases that appeal to the readers' senses. |
implicitTo be assumed but not directly
expressed. |
inferenceA general conclusion drawn from information
that is given. |