Sunday, May 5, 2024, 9:26 AM
Site: mr-anderson.com
Course: mr-anderson.com (mr-anderson.com)
Glossary: Mr. A's Glossary
O
onomatopoeiaWords whose sound imitates their suggested meaning, (e.g., buzz, boom, hiss, and clang). |
onsetThe consonants preceding the vowel of a
syllable, (e.g., str in strip). |
open-ended questionA type of question intended to produce a free
response rather than a direct or one-word response. |
oronymA string of words which is homophonic with
another string of words Examples:
|
overlayA transparent sheet containing additional
details, such as a chart or map, that is placed on top of another
transparency on an overhead projector during a presentation. |
P
paceThe rate at which something moves; the rate at which a writer moves the action or information; the rate a speaker uses in delivery. |
parallel structureThe phrasing of language so as to balance
(grammatically) ideas of equal importance. Note: Parallelism may
apply to phrases, sentences, paragraphs, longer passages or whole
selections. |
parodyA literary or musical work in which the style
of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in
ridicule. |
paronymA word from the same root, and usually a
similar pronunciation, as another; Example:
|
patronymA name derived from the name of one's father,
or another male ancestor. • From Greek pater (=father). |
pentametera five-foot line. |
personaA voice or character representing a speaker or narrator of a literary work. |
personificationA figure of speech in which human qualities
are attributed to animals, inanimate objects or ideas (e.g., happy
house). |
persuasiveOne of the four traditional forms of
composition in speech and writing that moves the reader by argument
or entreaty to a belief or position. |
persuasive techniqueA method used in speaking or writing to get an
audience to agree with |
phonemeA minimal sound unit of speech that, when
contrasted with another phoneme, affects the naming of words in a
language, as /b/ in book contrasts with /t/ in took, /k/ in cook
and /h/ in hook. |
phonemic awarenessThe awareness of the sounds (phonemes) that
make up spoken words. Such awareness does not appear when young
children learn to talk; the ability is not necessary for speaking
and understanding spoken language. Phonemic awareness is a
necessary step for learning to read. In alphabetic languages,
letters and letter clusters represent phonemes, and in order to
learn the correspondences between letters and sounds, one must
understand that words are made up of phonemes. phonics A way of
teaching reading and spelling that stresses symbol-sound
relationships; used especially in beginning instruction. |
pitchThe difference in the relative vibration
frequency of the human voice that contributes to the total meaning
of speech. |
plagiarismTo steal and pass off the ideas or words of
another as one's own; to use another's production without crediting
the source. |
plotThe careful sequencing of events in a story
generally built around a conflict. Stages of plot include
exposition (background), rising action, climax, falling action and
denouement (resolution). |
point of viewThe perspective or attitude of a narrator of a piece of literature. Point of view may be:
|
prefixAn affix attached before a base word or root,
as re- in reprint. |
prewritingThe initial creative stage of writing, prior
to drafting, in which a writer formulates ideas, gathers
information, and considers ways to organize them. |
primary sourceFirsthand information, such as an eyewitness
account. |
prior knowledgeKnowing that stems from previous experience.
Note: Prior knowledge is a key component of schema theories of
reading comprehension in spite of the redundancy inherent in the
term. |
problem-solutionAn organizational structure of text that is
similar to cause and effect, except that outcomes are a result or
solution of a perceived need or problem. |
propagandaThe spreading of ideas, information or rumor
for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause or a
person. |
protagonistThe main character in a story. |
pseudonymAn assumed name, especially by an
author. Examples:
|
public documentsNonfiction materials such as newspapers,
editorials and speeches. |